In Xiangyuan County, Changzhi, Shanxi, a 200-megawatt integrated solar and wind energy storage power station is quietly changing the way traditional energy is utilized. Here, the maximum output of photovoltaic power during the summer daytime exceeds 90 megawatts, while the output of wind power at night increases to 80 megawatts. Through the supporting construction of a 20 megawatt/20 megawatt-hour energy storage system, a natural complement of "daylight and night wind" has been achieved.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.

In distant Denmark, a seasonal thermal energy storage system with a volume of 75,000 cubic meters is storing the abundant solar energy from summer to provide heating for residents in winter, with a solar energy guarantee rate of up to 40%.The source text is empty. Please provide the content you would like to have translated.

These projects, thousands of miles apart, point to the same energy challenge: how to address the seasonal imbalance between renewable energy generation and electricity demand?

As the proportion of installed renewable energy continues to rise, the power system is showing increasingly obvious seasonal characteristics.

"Summer abundant, winter scarce" has become a common phenomenon in regions rich in renewable energy. In summer, there is ample sunlight and a large amount of photovoltaic power generation, but the electricity load is relatively low; in winter, sunlight weakens, heating demand increases, and electricity supply tends to be tight.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.

In the integrated wind and solar energy storage project in Xiangyuan, Shanxi, researchers observed that "high during the day and low at night" or "high in sunny weather and low in cloudy weather" fluctuations in output have become the norm.This imbalance exists not only on a daily scale but also extends to a seasonal scale.

According to the joint research between Zhejiang University and State Grid Jiaxing Power Supply Company, regions rich in clean energy are facing a serious "multi-time scale power imbalance issue."This means that we not only need to address the power fluctuations within a day but also cope with the energy transfer demands between different seasons.

Seasonal energy storage, as the name suggests, refers to energy storage technology that can transfer energy between different seasons.

Unlike traditional energy storage, which mainly addresses energy regulation on an hourly or daily basis, seasonal energy storage targets energy balance over a longer time scale. It can store excess energy during seasons with abundant energy (such as summer) and release it for use during seasons with energy shortages (such as winter).I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.

From a technical perspective, seasonal energy storage mainly includes the following categories:

Hydrogen storage: By electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, electrical energy is converted into hydrogen energy for storage, which can be used to generate electricity through fuel cells or hydrogen turbines when needed.A recent study based on the Stackelberg game model indicates that seasonal hydrogen storage can increase the absorption rate of renewable energy to 93.86%, an improvement of 20.60 percentage points.。

Thermal energy storage: including large-scale heat storage water bodies, soil-based heat storage, underground water body heat storage, and other technologies.The Marstal solar heating plant in Denmark achieves a 40% solar energy guarantee rate through a seasonal heat storage body of 75,000 cubic meters.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.

Compressed Air Energy Storage: Utilizing underground caverns or salt caverns to store compressed air for large-scale energy storage.

These technologies each have their own characteristics and provide diversified solutions to address the seasonal imbalance of renewable energy.

In recent years, seasonal energy storage technology has made significant progress.

In the field of hydrogen energy storage, researchers from institutions such as Zhejiang University have proposed a "seasonal-short-term hybrid energy storage system collaborative configuration method."They established a seasonal time-coupling operation model for the hydrogen storage system and successfully converted the non-convex nonlinear programming model into a mixed-integer linear programming model, greatly improving the feasibility of the scheme.

Research shows that the collaborative operation of diversified energy storage systems can significantly improve the efficiency of hybrid integrated energy systems.Under the short- and long-term joint energy storage strategy, the system's self-sufficiency rate can reach 85%, and energy costs and carbon emission costs can decrease by 8.56% and 11.35%, respectively.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like to have translated.

Thermal energy storage technology is also becoming increasingly mature. The case in Denmark shows that through optimized design, the thermal recovery rate of seasonal heat storage systems can be stabilized at around 90%.Moreover, as the volume of the heat storage body increases, the unit cost of the heat storage body significantly decreases, while the performance greatly improves—when the volume of the heat storage body increases from 100 cubic meters to 100,000 cubic meters, the corresponding heat dissipation surface area of the unit heat storage body decreases to 1/12, and the cost drops to 1/25.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no source text provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated into English.

Denmark is one of the first countries in the world to promote solar district heating and is currently the largest market for solar district heating.The source text is empty. Please provide the content you would like to have translated.

In the Danish town of Marstal, a seasonal thermal storage body of 75,000 cubic meters works in conjunction with 33,300 square meters of solar collectors to provide stable heating services for local residents.The solar energy guarantee rate of this system is about 40%, and the annual heat gain of the solar collector reaches 395 kWh/square meter.The source text is empty. Please provide the content you would like to have translated.

Another notable case is the Dronninglund solar heating plant, whose 63,000 cubic meters of seasonal thermal storage body achieved a 90% heat recovery rate and a 41% solar contribution rate.。

In China, seasonal energy storage is still in its infancy, but it has already shown great potential.

The 200-megawatt integrated wind-solar-storage project in Xiangyuan, Shanxi, effectively alleviates output fluctuations such as "high during the day and low at night" or "high in sunny weather and low in cloudy weather" through an intelligent collaborative system of "wind-solar complementarity + energy storage regulation."After the project is completed, the annual power generation can reach 380 million kilowatt-hours, meeting the annual electricity demand of approximately 150,000 households.。

A certain region in Zhejiang has launched a seasonal-short-term hybrid energy storage system practice based on co-construction and sharing on the power generation side.Researchers established a cross-seasonal time-coupling operation model for the hydrogen storage system based on the seasonal output characteristics of hydropower, effectively improving the seasonal power imbalance and daily power imbalance issues in the region.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.

The development of seasonal energy storage relies on economic feasibility and policy support.

The Danish case shows that the cost of seasonal thermal storage has dropped to 20-30 euros per cubic meter (approximately 100-200 RMB per cubic meter).As the scale expands, the unit cost is further decreasing.

Research shows that the introduction of seasonal energy storage modules leads to a 4.31% increase in maintenance costs, but the overall energy and carbon emission costs decrease by 6.92%, demonstrating significant long-term economic benefits.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of the energy storage industry. In September 2025, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Special Action Plan for the Large-Scale Construction of New Energy Storage (2025-2027)", proposing that by 2027, the installed capacity of new energy storage should reach over 180 million kilowatts, driving direct project investment of approximately 250 billion yuan.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated into English.

The deputy researcher of the Ministry of Commerce Research Institute, Hong Yong, stated: "The continuous release of policy dividends, the multi-point explosion of market demand, the accelerated implementation of technological iteration, and the gradual realization of capacity layout, along with multiple factors resonating, are driving the energy storage industry into a golden development period of 'simultaneous increase in quantity and price'."

Despite the broad prospects of seasonal energy storage, it still faces numerous challenges.

Technical maturity: Except for pumped storage and thermal storage, most seasonal energy storage technologies are still in the demonstration stage.I'm sorry, but there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.

Investment cost: High initial investment and long return period restricts large-scale development.。

Policy System: It is necessary to establish a sound market mechanism and price formation mechanism.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.

Standardization: There is an urgent need to strengthen the formulation and revision of standards in key areas.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.

However, these challenges also represent significant development opportunities.

The expert An Guangyong from the Credit Management Committee of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce Mergers and Acquisitions pointed out: "Energy storage has become a rigid demand for the integration of new energy into the grid, and the market space continues to expand."

Yuan Shuai, the Deputy Secretary-General of the Zhongguancun Internet of Things Industry Alliance, believes that "business model innovation will become the core driving force for the rapid growth of the energy storage industry in the future."

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