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Energy Storage Safety Guide - How to Make Battery Rooms Safer?
Created on 11.19
As energy storage systems become like individual "battery houses" integrated into our lives, how can we ensure they truly become reliable energy bases rather than safety hazards?
In 2024, the cumulative installed capacity of global electrochemical energy storage has reached 35GW, and lithium-ion battery energy storage systems are playing an increasingly important role in the energy transition.However, with the explosion of the energy storage station in Arizona, USAThe occurrence of multiple residential energy storage system fire incidents worldwide.The safety issues of energy storage systems have become an unavoidable "minefield" for the industry.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.
01 Source of Risk: Why Do Energy Storage Systems "Catch Fire"?
The safety issues of energy storage systems mainly stem from the chemical properties of their core component—the lithium-ion battery.
Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, but when the heat generated by the battery exceeds its cooling capacity, a thermal runaway process can occur.This not only leads to the battery rapidly overheating and generating gas, but may also cause a violent fire or explosion.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.
More seriously, the thermal runaway of a single battery may trigger a chain reaction, causing other batteries to fail one after another, exacerbating the fire.This type of fire is extremely difficult to extinguish, and it may reignite even after being put out.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.
In addition to the battery itself, risks may also arise from:
- Battery Management System (BMS)
- Thermal Management System
- Installation Environment
Not meeting the requirements, such as insufficient ventilation and excessively high ambient temperature.
02 Multi-level Protection: Build a Comprehensive "Golden Bell" Security System
To ensure the safety of the energy storage system, it is necessary to build a comprehensive protection system from the battery itself to the external environment, with the core framework as follows:
Battery Body Safety: Reducing Risks from the Source
- Preferred materials: Prioritize cathode materials with higher thermal stability, such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP).I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.
- Reinforced Design: Optimize the safety design of the body through heat-resistant structures and materials such as the vortex column structure liquid cooling plate and fiberglass aerogel.I'm sorry, but there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.
Energy Storage Equipment Safety: Key Subsystem Oversight
- Battery Management System (BMS): It needs to be able to monitor key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real-time, and have multiple safety protection functions., prevent overcharging or over-dischargingI'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
- Thermal Management System: Choose liquid cooling or air cooling methods based on actual conditions, and implement risk prevention and control measures.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.
- Fire Protection System: Install a fire detection and suppression system that can quickly identify fire situations and apply appropriate extinguishing agents.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
System-level security: Building the last line of defense
- Full-cycle monitoring: The gigawatt-hour level new energy storage safety monitoring platform built by the Southern Power Grid Energy Storage Company can help operation and maintenance personnel grasp the health status of energy storage equipment, with an accuracy rate of up to 97.6%.。
- Fire extinguishing and explosion suppression: The energy storage system developed in our country, based on liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing and explosion suppression, has achieved the first application of fluorine-free environmentally friendly fire extinguishing materials in the new energy storage field, reducing the time to extinguish initial battery fires to within 5 seconds, with an efficiency exceeding twice that of the original.。
- Emergency Response: Develop and improve emergency procedures to ensure the safety of personnel and property in the event of a fire accident.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
03 Installation Specifications: Choose a Good Foundation for the "Battery House"
The installation environment of the energy storage system directly affects its safety.
Site selection requirements:
- Considering the risks of fire smoke, drainage systems, and other factors.
- Keep the installation area
- Recommended to install at
Safety distance:
- Set appropriate
Fire separation distance, prevent the spread of fire
- The damaged energy storage system should be moved to an outdoor, well-ventilated area for storage, and
Ventilation and Barrier:
- Provide enough
Ventilation and fire barriers to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors and limit the spread of fire to other areas.
04 Intelligent Monitoring: Making Risks "Visible and Manageable"
Modern energy storage systems are achieving a transition from "remediation after the fact" to "prevention before the fact" through intelligent technology.
Anomaly Perception System: Chinese researchers have established a method for anomaly detection across six dimensions of "electrical, thermal, acoustic, gas, and optical," which includes a set of 108 anomalies that can cover multiple levels such as battery cells, battery modules, and battery systems.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.
Safety Monitoring Platform: By collecting data information from over 4.7 million measurement points in energy storage power stations and utilizing nearly 18 million algorithms in the "cloud" for second-level big data analysis, a real-time monitoring platform for the health status of energy storage devices has been established.I'm sorry, but it seems that the source text you provided is empty. Please provide the content you would like me to translate.
AI early warning capability: Advanced AI systems can identify abnormal temperature, voltage, and current fluctuations through deep learning algorithms, and isolate abnormal modules at the millisecond level to ensure that faults do not spread.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
05 Emergency Response: How to Respond Scientifically When an Accident Occurs
Even with preventive measures in place, it is necessary to be prepared for possible accidents.
Emergency Measures for Home Energy Storage Systems:
- When an accident occurs,
Stay away from areas where energy storage systems are installed and evacuate personnel inside the building.
- Call the emergency rescue number, and
- Ensure that no one returns to the building for any reason.
- Wait for the firefighters to arrive at a safe location.
Firefighter Professional Response:
- The fire department should pre-position firefighting equipment and consider resource deployment.
- Note that lithium-ion batteries may leak from the structure during thermal runaway.
- Adopt appropriate response strategies, such as keeping fire-fighting equipment away from doors and windows.
Accident Aftermath Handling:
- Residential energy storage systems damaged by fire or water intrusion may still appear to be operational, but...
- Contact the manufacturer and/or authorized technicians to inspect, disconnect, and remove the damaged equipment.
06 Industry Self-Regulation: Building a Safe Bottom Line
The energy storage industry is collectively enhancing safety standards through self-regulatory measures.
Industry Standard Setting: In October 2025, the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance released the "Self-Regulatory Practice Guidelines for Containerized Lithium Battery Energy Storage Systems," establishing "safety first, controllable risks, green low-carbon, compatibility and interoperability, and traceable quality" as the core principles for the design of future energy storage systems.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like to have translated.
Government Regulation Strengthening: In May 2025, the National Energy Administration and four other departments issued a notice requiring the strengthening of safety management from six aspects: "enhancing the intrinsic safety level of battery systems, conducting safety condition and facility verification evaluations for electrochemical energy storage projects, further improving relevant standards and specifications for electrochemical energy storage, implementing safety supervision responsibilities for electrochemical energy storage projects, strengthening inter-departmental collaboration and information sharing, and ensuring that enterprises fulfill their primary responsibility for production safety."I'm sorry, but there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
Full chain management: All electrochemical energy storage power station projects must be filed in accordance with laws and regulations. The filing authority must clearly specify the primary responsibility for production safety of the project unit in the filing documents.I'm sorry, but it seems that there is no content provided for translation. Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
Energy storage safety technology is undergoing a paradigm shift from "post-event intervention" to "pre-event prevention."
Intrinsic Safety Technology: The industry is researching intrinsic safety technology that fundamentally eliminates risk sources from inherent characteristics such as materials, structures, and system operating mechanisms. This means that thermal runaway is not likely to occur; even if it does occur, it cannot spread; and even if it spreads, it will not pose a threat to the outside.
Innovative Solutions:
Underground buried energy storage system: By burying energy storage modules underground, it physically achieves "oxygen isolation," directly cutting off one of the three essential elements of combustion—oxygen.
Honeycomb blast-resistant structure: It has high strength and pressure resistance, effectively isolating heat conduction and shock wave diffusion.
Decentralized Computing: Supports multiple modules working in parallel, and any single point of failure does not affect the overall system.
Evolution of Safety Concepts: The progress of the industry has never relied on "patching" to move forward, but rather on "reconstruction" as the driving force. Transforming "safety" from a patch-based repair into an integral part of systematic native design is precisely the "safety engine" that propels the energy storage industry towards a stage of high-quality development.
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- The safety of energy storage systems depends on the interplay of product design, installation standards, intelligent monitoring, and emergency response. As emphasized by the European Association for Storage of Energy in its "Best Practice Guidelines for Battery Energy Storage System Safety," ensuring that energy storage systems meet the highest safety standards throughout their entire lifecycle has become a core issue for industry development.
For energy storage users, choosing qualified products, professional installation, regular maintenance, and understanding emergency measures are prerequisites for enjoying the convenience of clean energy. For the industry, safety is not only a technical challenge but also a social responsibility—only by strengthening the safety bottom line can energy storage truly take on the important task of energy transition.
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